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The Arrington Bridge III wetland mitigation project is located on a 57.40 acre site three miles southwest of Goldsboro in western Wayne County, NC. One unnamed channelized drainage feature that traverses the site exhibited diminished habitat value as a result of past and on-going agricultural activities. RES identified the site as having potential to help meet the compensatory mitigation requirements for wetland impacts in hydrologic unit 03020201 of the Neuse River Basin.

This project involves the restoration and enhancement of 41.24 acres of wetlands that had been disturbed by historic mining, agricultural activities, and active cattle grazing. The project presents 29.37 acres of wetland restoration and 11.87 acres of wetland enhancement, generating 32.51 Wetland Mitigation Units (WMU’s). This mitigation project is the third of three phases.  Due to its location and improvements, the project provides numerous ecological and water quality benefits within the Neuse River Basin. While many of these benefits are limited to the project area, others, such as pollutant removal and improved aquatic and terrestrial habitat, have more far-reaching effects.

The objective for this restoration project was to restore a continuous bottomland wetland system and enhance the hydrology of existing wetlands. The design was based on reference conditions, USACE guidance (USACE, 2005), and criteria developed during this project to achieve success. Initial site design included the construction of three slough habitats to increase surface water storage and include patches of habitat more typical of reference Cypress-Gum Swamps. Through coordination with the Interagency Review Team (IRT) and the Seymour Johnson Air Force Base (SJAFB), it was requested that the restoration design minimize standing water features that attract birds. Therefore, the slough features and Cypress-Gum Swamp wetlands have been removed from the design and the restoration plan is now exclusively bottomland hardwood forest. Additional project objectives include restoring native vegetation, ensuring hydraulic stability, and eradicating invasive species.

The Baileyton Mitigation Bank is located on 231 acres of a former golf course and agricultural pasture land. Due to previous land use practices, onsite streams have experienced severe degradation, loss of riparian buffers, and direct livestock access to stream channels. Streams chosen for restoration were characterized by bank erosion, loss of floodplain connection, and general instability caused by ongoing channel evolution.

RES is incorporating natural channel design and construction techniques to restore 2.3 miles of degraded and piped headwater intermittent and perennial streams and riparian habitat. The mitigation and restoration activities will generate 9,265 stream credits in the Nolichucky Watershed of Eastern Tennessee. The service areas will also include Holston, Lower French Broad, Nolichucky, Pigeon, South Fork Holston, Upper French Broad, and Watuaga watersheds.

The goal of this Bank was to re-establish, rehabilitate and enhance sustainable bottomland hardwood wetland ecosystems that exhibit natural species composition and to support wildlife habitat typical of healthy bottomland hardwood forests of the lower Mississippi River for compensatory mitigation purposes. The restoration, enhancement and preservation of forested wetland ecosystems were accomplished through (1) the conversion of pasturelands underlain by hydric soils, and (2) the conversion of areas dominated by existing bottomland hardwood forests that were of relatively low-quality habitat resulting from altered surface hydrology and/or invasive species composition. Through these improvements the Bank sustains wetland functions, values, and services in accordance with an approved plan. The functional benefit to the Lake Pontchartrain Basin includes an increase in the quantity and quality of forested wetland habitat for resident and migratory wildlife and the conversion of the Bank to a more natural ecosystem. The Bank also benefits the Bayou Manchac watershed through the retention of surface water runoff, stream flow maintenance, nutrient cycling, aquatic productivity, improved plant and wildlife habitat and the reduction of non-point source pollution (nutrients and suspended solids) originating from agricultural and industrial areas in St. Gabriel, Louisiana.

The Bayou Paul Mitigation Bank restored a forested wetland ecosystem by rehabilitating and maintaining wetland functions, values, and services from land in agriculture. The added value to the Lake Pontchartrain Basin from this project includes increased forested wetland habitat for resident and migratory wildlife, decreased fragmentation of forested wetlands by linking this site with other conservation areas of the Spanish Lake/Bluff Swamp area, increased stormwater attenuation and water purification, increased transpiration within the hydrologic cycle, increased sequestration of carbon and other materials in the planted trees, and increased output of detritus to downstream fisheries resources. In the future, as more areas are developed within the drainage area (agriculturally, commercially and/or residentially), the Bayou Paul Mitigation Bank will provide a greater functional value to the reduction of flooding and point source pollution within the Amite River drainage and subsequently, the Lake Pontchartrain Basin.

The Bank provides 278.1 acres of Bottomland Hardwoods to compensate for unavoidable wetland impacts for the Vermilion-Teche Basin.

The Bank provides 178.4 acres of bottomland hardwood, bald cypress-tupelo swamp, and fresh marsh to compensate for unavoidable wetland impacts for the Terrebonne Basin watershed area. The site has rehabilitated 104.7 ac of bald cypress-tupelo gum swamp, 53.7 ac of freshwater marsh and 18.2 ac of bottomland hardwood forest wetlands.

The goal of this 48.91 acre nutrient bank located in Culpeper County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Rappahannock Watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site primarily consists of hay field. The land use conversion including Phase I and Phase II will generate 188.30 pounds of nitrogen reduction and 47.93 pounds of phosphorus reduction. Phase I has been completed on 10.26 acres of hay field generating 39.50 pounds of nitrogen and 10.05 pounds of phosphorus credits.

The Big Bend Mitigation Bank (BBMB) historically existed as BLH wetlands connected hydrologically with adjacent surrounding wetlands of similar habitat type. Prior to the construction of artificial drains, surface water was able to transfer via sheet flow to and from the site and adjacent properties. The BBMB will re-establish (155.4 acres) and rehabilitate (117.5 acres) 272.9 acres of BLH habitat that was converted agricultural fields in the 1970s. The total bank encompasses 303.9 acres with the excess being hydric inclusion (7.0 acres), non-hydric inclusion (16.9 acres) and non-hydric buffer (6.9 acres). The collective goal of the Bank is to provide restored and rehabilitated wetland habitat that can be used to replace the exact function and value of wetlands that are adversely affected by projects within the basin, in accordance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.

The Black Bayou Mitigation Bank includes four phases of restoration activities. Phase I restored 577 acres of agricultural land into Bottomland hardwood forest (BLH). Phase II restored and/or protected 115.1 acres of agricultural land into BLH, including 3.74 miles of stream channel. Phase III restored and/or protected 613.12 acres of agricultural land, including 5.26 acres of non-mitigation ponds. Phase IV restored 996 acres of bottomland hardwood restoration, 171 acres of wetland riparian buffer, and 32 acres of non-mitigation land for access roads and right-of-way (ROW).

Established in 2011, the 327-acre site was previously deforested, converted to pasture, and used for grazing and hay production. RES restored the hydrology and ecological functions of the site to a contiguous, mature, hardwood flatwood conservation area.

The Buffalo Branch project is located within an agricultural watershed in Johnston County, North Carolina, approximately four miles North of Selma. The project involved the restoration and protection of streams in the Buffalo Creek watershed, with the overall goal of restoring and enhancing a stream/wetland complex located within the Neuse River Basin (below Falls Lake). Found within USGS HUC 03020201, a Targeted Local Watershed (TLW), the watershed is characterized by 44 percent agricultural land use area, and identified as a high priority watershed for projects that address flow restoration, reduction of impoundments, and buffer restoration. Before restoration and enhancement, the site consisted of cattle pastures and wooded areas, a mix of pines, hardwoods, and invasive species. Channels were severely degraded to a point where they no longer accessed their floodplain, lacked riparian buffers, allowed livestock access, and failed to support aquatic life. Our team’s work entailed the restoration of natural stream characteristics, such as stable cross sections, platform, and in-stream habitat. The floodplain areas were hydrologically reconnected to the channel to provide a natural exchange and storage during flooding events. In addition to the stream restoration, mitigation design preserved and enhanced the hydrology of six wetland seeps, two linear and four hillside, in the project area. Benefits of our efforts included stream banks erosion prevention and a reduction of in-stream sedimentation and nutrients, restoring the riparian buffer with native vegetation, ensuring hydraulic stability, and treating invasive species. The Buffalo Branch Stream Mitigation project is located in the southern portion of the TLW and includes streams that discharge into Buffalo Creek (303d listed). Due to its location and improvements, the project provided numerous ecological and water quality benefits within the TLW and Neuse River Basin.

Bunchs Creek Mitigation Bank will restore agricultural fields and cattle pasture to the bottomland hardwood and pine flatwood/savannah habitats that were on this 621-acre site in the 1920s. This bank will help RES clients in the Calcasieu Basin by providing cost-effective mitigation for their projects’ unavoidable wetland impacts. The site will also perpetually protect a nest location used by a pair of endangered whooping cranes that are part of the experimental population in Louisiana.

The Bank provides approximately 500 acres of bottomland hardwood and bald cypress-tupelo forest reestablishment to compensate for unavoidable wetland impacts in the Mermentau Basin.

The Carolina Heelsplitter Conservation Bank was the first aquatic species conservation bank in the Southeast. Due to the presence of a viable population, a low percentage of impervious surface, its location near a focus area for other conservation activities, and the potential to protect large portions of the watershed to have a positive impact, the Flat Creek watershed was chosen for the bank and conservation site. By preserving upland and riparian buffers, the Carolina Heelsplitter Conservation Bank ensures the protection of the endangered Carolina Heelsplitter Mussels’ habitat. The Carolina Heelsplitter Conservation Bank is certified to provide offsets as required under Lancaster County Zoning Ordinance #963 and is approved by the USFWS to offset direct and indirect impacts to the Carolina Heelsplitter Mussel in all of North and South Carolina.

The Casey-King wetland mitigation site of the Neu-Con Umbrella Mitigation Bank is located approximately five miles east of Kinston, North Carolina in Lenoir County and consists of an 86.7-acre property, of which 43.1 acres is under a permanent conservation easement. The targeted wetland system for the restored site was a “non-riverine, wet hardwood forest” with a small component of “coastal plain, small stream swamp” as described by Schafale and Weakley (1990). Site work including vegetation planting was completed March 2002. The project contains 37.3 acres of wetland restoration.

The Cedar Grove bank parcel is located within the Upper Falls Lake watershed in the Neuse River Basin (HUC 03020201). Prior to restoration, the site operated as a public golf course, with stormwater runoff draining into the East Fork Eno River. The restoration of this site improved and protected water quality within the Falls Lake watershed of the Neuse River Basin, by providing mitigation for unavoidable impacts from development. The mitigation was composed of stream restoration, riparian buffer, and nutrient offsets. Within the conservation easement, existing riparian areas were restored and enhanced to generate both buffer and nutrient offset (nitrogen and phosphorus) credits. In addition, the dimension, pattern, and profile of existing perennial and intermittent stream channels located within the conservation easement were restored at the site. Of the 63-acre conservation easement, approximately 43.74 acres are dedicated to Neuse buffer restoration/enhancement and nutrient offset-related restoration. A total of 15.19 acres of riparian buffer credits were generated. The remaining acreage of the riparian restoration area provided nitrogen and phosphorus offset credits within the Upper Falls Lake watershed.

The Center Bayou Mitigation Bank restores and protects approximately 1261.2 acres of bottomland hardwood (BLH) habitat, including 996 acres of agricultural land restored, 91.9 acres of BLH preservation, 35.4 acres of upland buffers, and 137.9 acres of non-mitigation features comprised of inclusions, upland buffer, existing structures, access roads, open water, and rights-of-way. An addendum was added to include the establishment and maintenance of approximately 1,151.90 acres of bottomland hardwood wetland habitat.

The Cline Run Mitigation Bank is located on 372.72 acres, on multiple parcels of land. The goal of this site is to restore hydrology, hydraulic and geomorphic functions to stream and riparian ecosystems within the site boundary, yielding 22,210 steam credits and 1.74 wetland credits.

Credits available

• Stream
• Riparian wetland
• Nutrient
• Buffer

Established in 2017, the goal of Columbia Bottomlands Mitigation Bank is to provide appropriate compensatory mitigation for unavoidable impacts to wetlands authorized by the USACE within the Brazos/Oyster Creek watershed and adjacent areas. The objectives of the Bank are to rehabilitate degraded functions to 8.04 acres of existing jurisdictional wetlands, re-establish and sustain wetland functions to 323.9 acres as bottomland hardwoods wetlands, and re-establish and sustain wetland functions to 21.6 acres as coastal prairie emergent wetlands.

The goal of the Comite Mitigation Bank was to re-establish, rehabilitate, and enhance the area as sustainable forested, hardwood, wetland ecosystems for compensatory mitigation purposes. The Bank increases the quality of the forested wetland habitat for resident and migratory wildlife and restores agricultural lands to a natural ecosystem. The Bank helps to reduce flooding and point source pollution within the Lake Pontchartrain Basin.

The Compass Point Mitigation site is located in Yadkin County, approximately 4.5 miles northeast of Boonville. The project presents 5,304 linear feet (LF) of stream restoration and enhancement generating cool stream mitigation Units (SMU) along three unnamed tributaries that drain directly to the Yadkin River within Cataloging Unit 03040101, 12-digit United States Geological Survey (USGS) HUC 030401011001, and North Carolina Department of Water Resources (NCDWR) sub-basin 03-07-02. The current State classification for the Yadkin River at this location is Class C (NCDWQ 2011).

The project’s total easement area is approximately 165 acres within the overall drainage area of 271 acres. Water quality stressors currently affecting the Project include livestock production, agricultural production, and lack of riparian buffer. Grazing livestock have historically had access to most stream reaches within the Project. The lack of riparian buffer vegetation, deep-rooted vegetation, and unstable channel characteristics have contributed to the degradation of stream banks throughout the project area.

The project provides numerous ecological and water quality benefits within the Yadkin River Basin by applying an ecosystem restoration approach. The restoration approach at the reach scale of this project will have the greatest effect on the hydraulic and geomorphology function of the system but will benefit the upper-level functions (physiochemical and biology) over time, and in combination with other projects within the watershed. Buffer improvements filter runoff from agricultural fields, thereby reducing nutrient and sediment loads to the channel. Livestock exclusion fence was installed along the easement boundary. The widening and restoration of the riparian areas will also provide wildlife corridors throughout the Project area. Benefits to be accrued from these activities include improved water quality and terrestrial and aquatic habitat. Stream construction was completed in May 2020.

The Dairyland Stream Mitigation site is located in Orange County, North Carolina, about eight miles southwest of Hillsborough. Dairyland is within the Haw River portion of the Jordan Lake Watershed, 03030002 HUC, which is highly developed along the I-40 Corridor from Greensboro to Chapel Hill, and is dominated by agricultural and forested areas south and north of the I-40 Corridor.

Pre-restoration, the project area exhibited diminished hydrology and habitat value as a result of past agricultural activities. The project watershed is primarily characterized by agriculture, forests, and low-intensity residential areas. Land use at the site is characterized by the row crop production, pasture, impoundments, and disturbed forest. Pre-restoration, riparian zones were primarily composed of herbaceous vegetation and scattered trees located adjacent to the streams. The project area contains two parcels totaling 28.6 acres of conservation easement in the southwestern Orange County, NC. Hudson Branch (HB-1 and HB-2) and two unnamed tributaries (including two ponds) encompass the majority of the northern part of the project area. Watery Fork (WF-1 and WF-2) begins on the northern parcel, then crosses Dairyland Road and flows to the southeast. The project is hydrologically connected to a separate conservation easement downstream of Dairyland Road.

The project presents 3,657 Stream Mitigation Units (SMU) through a combination of stream, restoration, enhancement, and preservation. Construction was completed in 2018. Project benefits include the storage of excess water during flood events, preventing erosion of stream banks, reducing in-stream sedimentation, restoring aquatic passage, thermal regulation, and nutrient reductions.

The purpose of this bank site is to continue to provide the regulated community with the opportunity to offset impacts associated with various development activities. The bank provides permit applicants a means to satisfy stream and wetland mitigation requirements for unavoidable impacts to jurisdictional waters associated with Section 404 and 401 of the Clean Water Act, Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act, and the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection permit requirements. The bank has yielded 5,929 stream credits and 1.22 wetland credits. The overall objective of this bank is to replace stream functions and values that have been lost or degraded as a result of past and present land use practices at the site. These functions include water quality, flood storage and temperature, habitat, and overall ecological integrity.

The Dogtown Mitigation Bank Site presents an opportunity to restore, enhance, and preserve 11,026 linear feet of stream and riparian corridor, generating a base amount of 7,786 Stream Mitigation Units (SMUs). The site will provide numerous ecological and water quality benefits within the Catawba River Basin. These benefits are not limited to the project area but have more far-reaching effects throughout the Catawba River Basin.
The site will provide improvements to water quality, hydrologic function, and habitat.

As stated in the North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (DMS) Catawba River Basin Restoration Priorities (RBRP) report (amended 2013), the following restoration and protection goals are listed for the watershed:

1. Protection of drinking water supplies, including the reservoirs of Mountain Island Lake, Lake
   Norman, and Lake Rhodhiss;
2. Restoring impaired biology on creeks impacted by stormwater runoff; and
3. Protecting important species and significant natural and cultural resources in Lyle Creek.

This bank is designed to help meet goals one and two. The project will address stressors identified in the watershed through nutrient removal, sediment removal, runoff filtration, and improved aquatic and
terrestrial habitat.

Additionally, the Dogtown Project presents the opportunity to develop 606,141.24 riparian buffer mitigation credits by establishing or preserving a native forested and herbaceous riparian buffer plant community with a minimum width of 50 feet and a maximum of 200 feet from the top of the bank of the mitigated channels.

The Dover Farm Mitigation Bank site was established in 2008, to compensate for unavoidable impacts to, and to conserve and to protect Waters of the US. The wetland bank consists of 966 acres and is located on the west side of the Dismal Swamp Canal in Chesapeake, VA. This bank site is located within the historic Dismal Swamp and portions of the bank site drain to the Dismal Swamp Canal. The Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge abuts the property to the north and to the west. The tract is known locally as the Dover Farm. The Bank property includes approximately 243.3 acres of wetland preservation, 686. 1 acres of wetland restoration, and 33.5 acres of upland. The property was farmed until 2009 when restoration began. Restoration included the filling of internal ditches with material taken from the remnants of the airfield, construction of a water control structure in the northeast corner of the property, and replanting of approximately 200,000 trees.

The Elsie Gridley Mitigation Bank is the largest vernal pool mitigation bank in the State of California. It was established to provide offsite mitigation opportunities for vernal pool grassland and riparian habitats and several associated rare, threatened, and endangered species.

Wetland Resources, LLC received bank approval in 2006, and it has been amended twice. Three phases of vernal pool restoration were implemented, and a fourth and final vernal pool restoration phase is in planning. Wetland Resources, LLC hired RES to conduct the bank’s ecological monitoring, design, and implementation of future phases, compliance reporting, and credit sales.

The 1,815-acre Gridley Bank is located in rural Solano County, California, south of the City of Dixon and adjacent to the Solano Land Trust’s Jepson Prairie Preserve.

Numerous wetlands and vernal pools were preserved or restored within the property, along with habitat for special-status species, including California tiger salamander, vernal pool tadpole shrimp, vernal pool fairy shrimp, vernal pool conservancy shrimp, Swainson’s hawk, Delta green ground, Boggs Lake hedge hyssop, and others.

Key metrics of the bank

• 100 acres of Army Corps Section 404 mitigation credits currently constructed
• Additional 130 acres of Army Corps Section 404 mitigation credits in the design/planning phase
• Largest CTS conservation bank with over 1,500 acres of CTS upland and aquatic credits
• Riparian and linear stream credits, vernal pool crustaceans, burrowing owl, and Swainson’s hawk credits.

The goal of the Bank Site is to restore and preserve self-sustaining, functional streams, wetlands, and riparian corridors. By following this goal, the site replaces the functions and values lost from adverse impacts to streams and wetlands due to various permitted development projects within the Ohio River Sub-basin (State Water Plan Watershed Subbasin 20). These development efforts will provide an in-kind replacement for the direct loss or functional degradation of the stream, wetland, and riparian resources that result from unavoidable aquatic resource impacts. Implementation of these improvements in advance of the impacts will serve to eliminate the temporal loss of function that may result from alternative mitigation approaches.

Located on 88-acres within the Lower Falls Lake watershed in the Neuse River Basin, stormwater runoff from this site drained into unnamed tributaries of Smith Creek, classified as Class C and Nutrient Sensitive Waters. RES provided mitigation for unavoidable impacts from nearby development to improve and protect water quality within the Neuse River Basin. A nearly 27-acre conservation easement was placed on the site, permanently protecting the mitigation components of the site. Within the easement, RES worked to restore and enhance existing riparian areas to generate both Neuse buffer and nutrient offset (nitrogen and phosphorus) credits. A riparian buffer restoration area of 7.5 acres was used to establish 326,700 SF of Neuse buffer credits. The remaining acres of riparian restoration area on the site provide nutrient offset credits for nitrogen and phosphorus within the Lower Falls Lake watershed.

Established in 2014, Festina Lente Ranch Conservation Bank (FLRCB) is a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-approved Golden-Cheeked Warbler (GCW) conservation bank located in Bandera County and is fully owned, operated, and maintained by RES. FLRCB supports a large population of the Federally-endangered Golden-Cheeked Warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia) and a smaller number of the Federally endangered Black-Capped Vireo (Vireo atricapilla). The 500-acre site lies across from Lost Maples State Natural Area (SNA), a 2,174-acre preserve managed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department that also supports golden-cheeked warblers and black-capped vireos. FLCB service area covers 13 counties in west Texas and includes Bandera, Bexar, Blanco, Comal, Edwards, Gillespie, Kendall, Kerr, Kimble, Kinney, Medina, Real, and Uvalde Counties. Currently, FLRCB has 495 GCW credits available for immediate purchase from its first phase, with additional 618 credits from its second phase to be released, if demand warrants additional credits.

The Foster Run Mitigation Bank is located on approximately 347.03-acres, on five parcels of land. The goal of the Foster Run Mitigation Bank is to restore, enhance, and preserve self-sustaining, functional streams and wetlands to mitigate for the functions lost due to unavoidable off-site impacts to streams and wetlands. The over-arching goal of this project is to restore hydrology, hydraulic, and geomorphic functions to stream and riparian ecosystems within the site boundary.

RES serves as the French Quarter Creek Mitigation Bank (FQC) sponsor and will oversee design, permitting, construction, monitoring, and credit sales. The 445-acre site includes 269 acres of bottomland hardwood and longleaf pine savannah wetlands, which will be restored and enhanced. Hydrologic and vegetative enhancement will be achieved through grading, invasive removal, native plantings, and prescribed burns. Upon bank approval, it will provide compensatory mitigation credits for unavoidable impacts to jurisdictional wetlands in the greater Charleston area.

The FQC site was chosen for its unique ability to promote habitat connectivity, as it is situated adjacent to a Lowcounty Land Trust property within the Francis Marion National Forest. Upon completing the bank, RES will provide five years of ecological site monitoring, reporting, and maintenance to comply with the bank’s required success criteria.

Initial feasibility tasks provided by RES alongside its subcontractor, Wood PLC, included environmental site assessment, wetland delineation, US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) confirmation, Threatened & Endangered Species Studies, water budget development, agency coordination, and other upfront planning tasks as required. RES anticipates obtaining approval of the Mitigation Banking Instrument from the Interagency Review Team (IRT) in early 2021.

The Gideon Mitigation site is located within a rural watershed in Surry County, approximately 10 miles north of Elkin and seven miles west of Dobson. The project lies within the Yadkin River Basin, NCDWR sub-basin 03-04-01 and USGS 14-digit HUC 03040101080020, a TLW. The project is comprised of a single easement location along Mill Creek and three unnamed tributaries, totaling 4,782 existing linear feet, which eventually drain into the Yadkin River. The project is between two sections of the 26.14-acre DMS Little Sebastian Site.

The streams proposed for restoration have been significantly impacted by livestock production, agricultural practices, and a lack of riparian buffer. The project proposes to restore 2,283 LF; enhance 1,991 LF; preserve 508 LF of existing stream, generating nearly 3,000 Cool SMUs; and provide water quality benefits for 3,225 acres of project drainage area.

The goal of the Grand Canard Mitigation bank was the cumulative re-establishment, rehabilitation, and enhancement of 247.2 acres of swamp, bottomland hardwood, and emergent freshwater wetlands in accordance with an approved plan. The remaining 24.5 acres will remain as non-mitigation land which will be comprised of existing levees and roads. An Addendum was included to re-establish and rehabilitate 183.1 acres of swamp, bottomland hardwood, and emergent freshwater wetlands. The remaining 3.0 acres will remain as open water and non-mitigation land which will be comprised of remnants of spoil levee and the access road.

The Hannah Bridge site is located across six parcels totaling 83 acres, four miles south of Four Oaks in Johnston County, NC. Several unnamed tributaries traverse the site and exhibit diminished habitat value as a result of past and on-going agricultural activities and ditching. The site was identified by RES as having potential to help meet the compensatory mitigation requirements for stream impacts in HUC 03020201 of the Upper Neuse River Basin. The Hannah Bridge Site may also be utilized to provide riparian buffer mitigation units through the NC Division of Water Resources.

Specific project goals address stressors identified in the watershed, and include the following: nutrient removal, sediment reduction, runoff filtration, invasive species treatment, and improved aquatic and terrestrial habitat. The project goals will be addressed through the following project objectives: exclusion of livestock from stream channels and riparian areas, control of exotic invasive species, addition of large woody debris to stream channels, enhancement of hydrology in existing riparian wetlands, and restoration of historic flow patterns in valleys.

The Hannah Bridge Site includes approximately 8,524 linear feet of stream restoration and enhancement generating 7,046 Stream Mitigation Units (SMU) and 16.7 acres of wetland restoration and enhancement generating 7.26 Wetland Mitigation Units (WMU).

As Horry County focuses on the probable expansion of necessary infrastructure to accommodate growth within the County, they recognize the need for mitigation of unavoidable impacts to Waters of the US. Accordingly, Horry County Government contracted with RES to develop the Independent Republic Heritage Preserve Wetland Mitigation Banking Instrument.

The 3,707 acre site comprises a series of Carolina bays, relic wet pine savanna, xeric longleaf pine sand rim, and non-alluvial swamp forest. In addition to preservation, relic pine savanna will be enhanced by re-initiating a frequent prescribed fire burning program to enhance the biotic integrity of rare wetland systems and associated plant communities. Not only are these natural communities rare, but they are also considered to be globally unique. Upon successful completion of mitigation activities, the Bank property will be transferred to the Lewis Ocean Bay Heritage Preserve.

The Howell Woods mitigation site is located in the Upper Neuse River Basin on the Neuse River Floodplain within USGS HUC 03020201. The project includes 27,250 linear feet of stream preservation and 100.6 acres of forested wetland preservation at the Howell Woods Site in Johnston County, North Carolina. The Howell Woods Environmental Learning Center is a non-profit entity owned and operated by Johnston County Community College. The 2,800-acre property is actively managed for timber production, wildlife, fishing, environmental education, and passive recreation.

The Howell Woods site is located between Mill Creek and the Neuse River approximately 7.5 miles southeast of Smithfield. The easement encompasses 135 acres of contiguous Bottomland Hardwood Forest and Cypress-Gum Swamp on the Neuse River floodplain. The Howell Woods easement protects the north side of Mill Creek. The southern side of Mill Creek across from the Howell Woods easement is protected under existing conservation easements established for Westbrook, Cox, and Cox II mitigation sites. An existing DMS mitigation site is also located on the Howell Woods property, resulting in a large mitigation complex within the Neuse Lowgrounds natural area.

The wetland preservation has with a mitigation ratio of 5:1, and has a total of 20 wetland mitigation credits.

In October 2011, The Longwood University Foundation (The Foundation) received approval from the Interagency Review Team to create the Hull Springs Farm Mitigation Bank on a 214-acre farm owned by Longwood University in Westmoreland County, VA. The goal for the property was to generate revenue for the University through credit sales, while conserving open space and offering educational opportunities for students and professors. In 2013, The Foundation selected RES to complete data analysis; final stream and wetland design; construction; as-built reporting; performance monitoring, maintenance, and management of the bank. The stream component of the bank consists of 1,454 LF of stream restoration, 6,012 LF of stream enhancement/preservation, and 16.14 AC of riparian buffer plantings. The wetland component of the project consists of 22.27 AC of wetland restoration, 44.8 AC of wetland enhancement, 85.15 AC of wetland preservation, and 22.79 AC of upland buffer plantings. In addition, RES has established a Nutrient Bank on the property for the sale of TMDL nutrient offset credits. This project, which was implemented in 2017, consists of 57.71 AC of historic agricultural field that has been planted to achieve a forested condition. This project has generated additional revenue for the University in addition to expanding the extents of conserved land on the property. The bank areas, which were predominantly farm land, are now thriving ecosystems that contribute valuable functional uplift to the Potomac River Watershed while providing learning opportunities and revenue for Longwood University.

The goal of the bank is to establish, maintain and protect a freshwater marsh, bottomland hardwood and baldcypress-tupelo swamp wetland communities as a species diverse, sustainable ecosystems by restoring unique functions, values, and services. Work required to accomplish these goals include the restoration of approximately 26.6 acres of bottomland hardwoods, 24.2 acres of swamp and 200.2 acres of fresh marsh through surface hydrology restoration and vegetation restoration. These actions increase the habitat value for those fishery and wildlife resources utilizing these habitats. The restoration and protection associated with this project will further enhance the longevity of this landmass.

The original Little Eva Mitigation Bank consisted of 435.9 acres of bottomland hardwood rehabilitation, 334.6 acres of re-establishment, 13,594 linear feet of stream channel restoration and 59.9 acres of bottomland hardwood riparian buffer restoration. An Addendum was included to establish and maintain an additional 527.8 acres of bottomland hardwood wetland habitat. This mitigation bank provides mitigation to compensate for impacts to Waters of the US, including wetlands, within the Vicksburg District in 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUC)s 11140207, 11140206 and 11140202, which includes portions of Bossier, Caddo, DeSoto, Grant, Natchitoches, Rapides, Red River, Sabine, Vernon and Winn Parishes.

The 75-acre Locust Road Conservation Bank located in Placer County consists of  vernal pools and swales, seasonal wetlands, intermittent drainage, and annual grassland habitats.

The Bank was approved by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to offset impacts to seasonal wetlands, vernal pools, vernal pool fairy shrimp, and Swainson’s hawk. The service area for Waters of the U.S. includes the Lower American River HUC (18020111) and Auburn-Ravine Coon Creek (180201610). The vernal pool creation and vernal pool fairy shrimp service area follows the above referenced HUCs within the Southeastern Sacramento Vernal Pool Recovery Unit.

Available Credit Types

• Seasonal wetland re-establishment
• Vernal pool re-establishment
• Vernal pool fairy shrimp restoration

Previously Available Credit Types

• Swainson’s hawk (sold out)

The Marston riparian wetland mitigation site is located in Jones County, approximately twelve miles west of Trenton, North Carolina. Ditches on the site were used to promote drainage when the land was under agricultural production. This project restored the main channel, a smaller tributary, and approximately 37 acres of on-site wetlands for the purpose of wetland and stream mitigation. In addition, the site provides riparian buffer restoration and nutrient offset credits. The Marston project restored a “Coastal Plain small stream swamp” and associated buffer area.

The Meadow Spring mitigation site is located three miles north of Smithfield and contains three parcels totaling 246-acres in Johnston County. The Site involved the restoration and enhancement of streams and wetland along an unnamed tributary to the Neuse River. The site is located within the Neuse River Basin, below Falls Lake, USGS HUC 03020201 and in the Meadow Spring Creek Watershed, a Targeted Local Watershed (TLW). RES’ efforts resulted in significant ecological improvements including water quality improvement, habitat restoration, and a decrease in non-point source pollution from stormwater and agricultural practices. Our design addressed degraded water quality and nutrient input from farming, items previously identified as major watershed stressors in the 2010 Neuse RBRP. These issues were combated with the restoration of riparian buffers to filter runoff from agricultural operations and improve terrestrial habitat, and through the construction of in-stream structures to improve habitat diversity. In addition to the stream restoration, the site provides nutrient offset mitigation and riparian buffer mitigation through the NC Division of Water Resources (DWR) Neuse Riparian Buffer Mitigation program. The buffer and nutrient offset mitigation were developed through a separate banking instrument.

The bank’s restoration objective was to restore approximately 435 acres of wet longleaf pine savannah and 160 acres of wet slash pine-pond cypress woodlands; rehabilitate approximately 651 acres of wet longleaf pine savannah and 361 acres of wet slash pine-pond cypress woodlands; restore/rehabilitate 23 acres of mixed bedded and non-bedded longleaf pine savannah; restore/rehabilitate 287.2 acres of longleaf pine flatwoods as upland buffers/inclusions; and enhance 369 acres of bayhead swamp.

The Mud Creek Stream Mitigation Bank site is in east central Tennessee, approximately 27 miles northeast of Crossville in the central part of Morgan County in the town of Wartburg. The site has one main access point located on the northern side of Letory Road (36.107390, -84.571612). Approximately 34 acres of this property is located within the HUC-12 Middle Emory River watershed and the remainder of the property, approximately 914 acres, is located within the HUC-12 Crooked Fork watershed. These watersheds are both located within the HUC-8 Emory River watershed, which is within the Upper Tennessee basin and falls on the line of the Level III eco-regions 68 (Southwestern Appalachians) and 69 (Central Appalachians). The site will incorporate approximately 6.9 miles (36,234 LF) of headwater intermittent and perennial stream channels along the main channel and several unnamed tributaries to Mud Creek.

The 273-acre Pajaro River Mitigation Bank located in San Benito County consists of a mosaic of 125.78 acres of upland and 147.59 acres of wetlands. The wetland habitats on the Bank consist of previously existing natural wetlands as well as constructed seasonal marsh, semi-permanent emergent marsh, and seasonally open water/mudflat habitats.

The Bank was approved by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for impacts to Wetland/Waters of the U.S occurring within the Pajaro River HUC (18060002).

Available Credit Types

• Wetland/Waters of the U.S.

The Bank provides 187.5 acres of BLH to compensate for unavoidable wetland impacts for the Vermilion-Teche Basin.

The Pennsylvania Statewide Bat Conservation Bank is the first U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS)-approved species Conservation Bank of its kind in Pennsylvania. Over the course of three years, RES collaborated with the USFWS Pennsylvania field office to select a site, develop a crediting methodology, and finalize the first endangered species conservation banking instrument in the State. The purpose of the Pennsylvania Statewide Bat Conservation Bank (Bank) is to provide and protect high-quality self-sustaining bat habitat to offset statewide impacts to the federally listed Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) and its habitat. This objective supports the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (87 Stat. 884, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), which was enacted to ensure the protection of endangered species such as the Indiana bat. This objective is also consistent with the policies described in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mitigation Policy (46 FR 7644-7663, January 23, 1981) and Guidance for the Establishment, Use, and Operation of Conservation Banks (68 FR 24753, May 8, 2003). Conservation banking creates a collaborative incentive-based approach where habitat for listed species is treated as an asset rather than a liability.

By permanently protecting high-quality forested habitat in a critical Indiana bat habitat zone, the Pennsylvania Statewide Bat Conservation Bank provides an advance compensatory mitigation mechanism to support the Endangered Species Act and the relevant federal mitigation initiatives. The Bank is located within the known range of the Indiana bat and includes more than 438 contiguous acres of high-quality habitat used by two Indiana bat maternity colonies. Although Indiana bats have experienced significant population declines due to a malady known as white-nose syndrome, the Indiana bat maternity areas in Washington and Greene Counties persist. The maternity area includes three partially conjoined maternity colonies consisting of primary and alternate roost trees and the surrounding 2.5-3-mile foraging habitat (USFWS 2016).

In addition to providing extremely high-quality bat habitat, the Pennsylvania Statewide Bat Conservation Bank site abuts two known Biodiversity areas identified by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and hosts the Mixed-Mesophysic Forest Target Plant Community, an extremely rich terrestrial community type on deep soils in protected concave coves or lower slopes only in Greene County, PA. The Site also includes the known range of one endangered plant (Nuttall’s Hedge-nettle, Stachys cordata) and four special concern plant species (Single-headed Pussy-toes (Antennaria solitaria), American Beakgrain (Diarrhena americana), and Leaf-cup (Smallanthus uvedalius).

The goal of the Bank was to re-establish and rehabilitate sustainable bottomland hardwood and bald cypress forested wetland ecosystems for compensatory mitigation purposes. The re-establishment and rehabilitation of bottomland hardwood and bald cypress wetland ecosystems was accomplished by converting existing agricultural and pasture and Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) forests to a natural species composition indicative of a bottomland hardwood and bald cypress wetland forest and subsequently increasing wetland functions, values, and services.

This site is providing mitigation credits from the restoration, preservation, and enhancement of 70,115 linear feet of streams and the preservation and restoration of 359 acres of riparian buffers within Buckingham and Albemarle Counties. The Piedmont Farms Bank is made up of two individual bank sites: Eastview Farms and Fulfillment Farms Bank Sites.

The bank established approximately 240.50 acres of bottomland hardwood wetland habitat.

The Polecat mitigation site is located within a watershed dominated by agricultural land use in Johnston County, North Carolina, approximately two miles southeast of Smithfield. The project streams have been significantly impacted by livestock access, row crop production, and nearby urbanization. The project will involve the restoration and protection of streams in the Neuse River watershed on approximately 53 acres of conservation easement. The purpose of this mitigation site is to restore and enhance a stream complex located within the Neuse River Basin. The site supports many of the Neuse River Basin Restoration Priorities Pan (RBRP) and Neuse Regional Watershed Plan (RWP) goals. The project’s watershed is primarily rural with Interstate 95 occupying the western portion of the watershed. The project parcels have been in agricultural use for several decades.

The site includes streams that directly discharge into the Neuse River. Many of the project design goals and objectives, including restoration of riparian buffers to filter runoff from agricultural operations and improve terrestrial habitat, and construction of in-stream structures to improve habitat diversity, will address the degraded water quality and nutrient input from farming that were identified as major watershed stressors in the 2010 Neuse RBRP. Water quality stressors affecting the site include livestock access, row crop production, and impervious surface. The project presents 8,178 linear feet of stream restoration and enhancement generating 6,567 Stream Mitigation Units (SMU).

The Poplar Creek project is located in Johnston County, approximately three miles north of Smithfield within the Neuse River Basin HUC 03020201. Water quality stressors affecting the project area included livestock production, agricultural production, closed drainage system, and an impoundment. Goals for the project include an increase to hydrologic function and restoration to ecological function within the existing stream and riparian corridor, and the protection of these features in perpetuity. These were accomplished by removing an agricultural impoundment, planting the riparian buffer, excluding livestock from the conservation easement through fencing, and returning the existing streams to stable conditions by constructing a stream channel with appropriate dimensions and pattern and reconnecting the channel to the floodplain. The project presents 4,273 linear feet of stream restoration and enhancement, generating 3,926 Stream Mitigation Units along three unnamed tributaries that drain into Poplar Creek. The Poplar Creek project also generates approximately 93,766 SF of riparian buffer restoration credits, 76,454. SF of riparian buffer enhancement credits via cattle exclusion, 8,220.5 SF of riparian buffer preservation credits, and 1,454.73 lbs of nitrogen credits. Construction was completed in 2019

The Randolph-1 Mitigation Bank is located on 100 acres of a larger 407-acre tract of land. The goal of the Randolph-1 Mitigation Bank is to establish, restore, enhance and preserve self-sustaining, functional streams and wetlands while restoring riparian areas to be properly functioning. In addition to stream mitigation, this site will restore pockets of red spruce to an area where this species natively occurred but are no longer present. The site will also provide and protect habitat for other threatened and endangered species such as Indiana bat, Northern long-eared bat, and Virginia Big-eared Bat. The site anticipates to yield 3,392 stream credits and 2.27 wetland credits.

The holistic goal is to restore the Red Chute Mitigation Bank to its historical wetland characteristics, cumulatively reestablish, rehabilitate, and preserve 935.0 acres of bottomland hardwood wetland, provide compensatory mitigation alternatives for impairments to wetlands associated with authorized (permitted) impacts within the approved bank service area. Additionally, the bank will help aid in the State’s goal to achieve a no net loss of wetlands due to permitted activities.

The goal of RFMB1 is to restore and preserve self-sustaining, functional streams, wetlands, and riparian corridors. RES has prioritized implementation of a watershed scale restoration approach for this project. The scale of this project purposefully considered the the importance of headwater control as well as main stem restoration. By following these goals, we strive to replace the functions and values lost from adverse impacts to streams and wetland areas due to various permitted development projects within the Ohio River Subbasin (Pennsylvania State Water Plan Subbasin 20). RFMB1 development efforts will provide in-kind replacement for the direct loss or functional degradation of the stream, wetland, and riparian resources that result from unavoidable aquatic resource impacts.

The 131-acre Rogue Valley mitigation and conservation bank, located in Jackson County, Oregon, was established to protect Agate Desert vernal pool complex habitat. The Bank serves as compensatory mitigation for habitat losses and conservation of the Federally threatened vernal pool fairy shrimp and the Federally endangered Cook’s lomatium and large-flowered wooly meadowfoam. The Bank is approved by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and Oregon Department of State Lands, in coordination with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, and Rogue Valley Council of Governments.

The Bank preserves special wetland resources and federally listed species habitat in the Agate Desert and supports a large intact expanse of vernal pools and swales in designated critical habitat for vernal pool fairy shrimp

Available Credit Types

• Wetlands preservation
• Vernal pool fairy shrimp
• Large-flowered wooly meadowfoam
• Cook’s lomatium

The Scout Mitigation project is located within an agricultural watershed in Davie County, approximately eight miles west of Clemmons and five miles northwest of Bermuda Run within Yadkin River HUC 03040101, in TLW 03040101160010. The project area is comprised of a single easement located along Hauser Creek and two unnamed tributaries. The project is located between two sections of the overall 27-acre DMS Mockingbird site, and upstream of the closed out DMS UT to Hauser Creek project. The DMS Catbird site is in an adjacent catchment to the east. The streams proposed for restoration have been historically impacted by livestock production, agricultural practices, and a lack of riparian buffer.

Goals for the project include an increase to hydrologic function and restoration to ecological function within the existing stream and riparian corridor and protecting these features in perpetuity. These will be accomplished by returning the existing streams to stable conditions by constructing an E/C type stream with appropriate dimensions and pattern, reconnecting Hauser Creek to the floodplain, and backfilling the abandoned channel. In-stream structures will be installed for vertical stability and to improve habitat, where necessary. Buffer improvements will filter runoff from the surrounding pasture lands. The project presents 3,144 LF of stream restoration and enhancement, generating 2,918 Warm SMUs. Construction was completed in May 2020.

The Selma Mill riparian buffer and nutrient bank’s service area is Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 03020201 of the Neuse River watershed, below Falls Lake. Before restoration, agricultural impacts were prevalent, including nonpoint source runoff and hydrologic modification. Priority projects for this watershed included projects that promoted nutrient and sediment reduction, as well as focusing restoration on achieving the most functional improvement to the ecosystem possible. A secondary priority concentrated on developing projects that reestablish riparian buffers and corridors of substantial width to improve connectivity to larger intact conservation areas. The Selma Mill Buffer and Nutrient Offset Site is located in southeast Johnston County, NC, immediately north of Selma. The site easement includes three unnamed tributaries and stormwater runoff from adjacent pastures that flow directly to Mill Creek. A majority of the site was previously used for livestock grazing, pasture, and row-crop production. Restoration of the riparian buffer resulted in immediate water quality benefits within the vicinity of the site through the removal of livestock access to site streams. The riparian restoration activities on the site also resulted in improved water quality to the downstream watershed.

The stream mitigation bank encompasses 59.2 acres across three adjoining tracts located near Allisona, Williamson County. The mitigation project restores approximately 3.29 miles (± 17,359 linear feet) of ephemeral, intermittent and perennial stream channels in Overall Creek, North Fork Flat Creek, and West Fork Spring Creek watersheds, which are tributaries of the Harpeth River, which ultimately drains into the Cumberland River. This bank provides compensatory stream mitigation for permitted impacts within the proposed geographic service area of the Harpeth (05130204), Lower Cumberland- Sycamore (05130202), and Stones (05130203) HUC 8 watersheds.

The Seven Pines Mitigation Bank is located on eight parcels of land, all held by various landowners, which total approximately 384-acres. The goal of the bank is to restore, enhance and preserve self-sustaining, functional streams and wetlands to mitigate for lost functions due to unavoidable off-site impacts to streams and wetlands. This project will restore hydrology, hydraulic and geomorphic functions to stream and riparian ecosystems within the site boundary and produce 11,602 stream credits and 3.81 wetland credits.

The Stone Creek mitigation site is located approximately 14 miles southeast of Smithfield and contains three parcels totaling 161-acres in Johnston County, NC. The site involves the restoration and enhancement of unnamed tributaries to Mill Creek. The site was identified by RES as having potential to help meet the compensatory mitigation requirements for stream impacts in hydrologic unit 03020201 of the Neuse River Basin.

This proposed site will result in significant ecological improvements including water quality improvement, habitat restoration and a decrease in non-point source pollution from stormwater and agricultural practices. The site is located in the Mill Creek Watershed, a Targeted Local Watershed (TLW)  and supports many of the Neuse River Basin Restoration Priorities Plan (RBRP) and Neuse Regional Watershed Plan (RWP) goals.

Many of the project design goals and objectives, including restoration of riparian buffers to filter runoff from agricultural operations and improve terrestrial habitat, and construction of in-stream structures to improve habitat diversity, will address the degraded water quality and nutrient input from farming that were identified as major watershed stressors in the 2010 Neuse RBRP.

The conceptual design presents 5,886 linear feet of stream mitigation generating 4,547 Stream Mitigation Units (SMU). In addition to the stream restoration, the site could potentially provide nutrient offset mitigation and riparian buffer mitigation through the NC Division of Water Resources (DWR) Neuse Riparian Buffer Mitigation program. The buffer and nutrient offset mitigation will be developed through a separate banking instrument.

The Twiman Mitigation site is located within a rural watershed dominated by agricultural and low-density residential land use in Yadkin County. The project is located in the Yadkin River Basin within Cataloging Unit 03040101, 14-digit USGS HUC 03040101130010 and DWR sub-basin 03-07-02. The project area is comprised of three easement areas totaling 30.5 acres along multiple tributaries that flow into North Deep Creek. The project is designed to help meet compensatory mitigation requirements for warm stream impacts in the HUC 03040101.

The project proposes to restore 4,074 LF and enhance 5,074 LF of warm stream, producing warm SMUs. The streams proposed for restoration have been significantly impacted by livestock production, impoundments, agricultural production, and lack of riparian buffer. Goals for the Project include an increase to hydrologic function and restoration to ecological function within the existing stream and riparian corridor and protecting these features in perpetuity. These will be accomplished by removing two farm ponds, returning the existing streams to stable conditions, reconnecting channels to their floodplain, and backfilling the abandoned channels. In-stream structures will be utilized for vertical stability and to improve habitat. Buffer improvements will filter runoff from agricultural fields, thereby reducing nutrient and sediment loads to the channel. Livestock exclusion fence will be installed along the easement boundary. Benefits from these activities include improved water quality, and terrestrial and aquatic habitat. Construction is nearly complete as of May 2020.

The goal of the bank site is to restore and preserve self-sustaining, functional, stream, wetland, and riparian corridors to replace the functions and values lost from adverse impacts to streams and wetlands due to various permitted development projects within the Upper Susquehanna River Subbasin. The development efforts provide an in-kind replacement for the direct loss or functional degradation of stream, wetland, and riparian resources that result from unavoidable aquatic resource impacts. In addition, the structural establishment of these functional improvements in advance of the compensated functional impacts will serve to eliminate the temporal loss of function which may result from alternative mitigation approaches.

The project includes restoration of all stream channels onsite and the rehabilitation or conservation of their associated riparian zones. Some of the targeted aquatic functions restored include improvements to wildlife habitat, water quality, flood conveyance and storage, and erosion control through the implementation of natural channel design, vegetation controls, and long-term land protection. Restoration modifications include natural channel design techniques, channel cross section and pattern alterations, bank stabilization and bio-engineering techniques, grade control and in-stream structures, and establishment of forested riparian zones. Our work rehabilitates and conserves riparian zones along both banks of streams including wetlands.

This mitigation bank encompasses 134.43 total acres of land to be protected in perpetuity. The bank restores and preserves self-sustaining, functional stream, wetland, and riparian corridors and replaces the functions and services lost from adverse impacts to streams and wetlands due to various permitted development projects within the Upper Susquehanna River Subbasin. These development efforts will provide an in-kind replacement for the direct loss or functional degradation of the stream, wetland, and riparian resources that result from unavoidable aquatic resource impacts. Also, the structural establishment of these functional improvements in advance of the compensated functional impacts will serve to eliminate the temporal loss of function that may result from alternative mitigation approaches.

The Uzzle Stream Mitigation site is located in Johnston County, approximately six miles southeast of Clayton in the Neuse River Basin within the HUC 03020201. Water quality stressors affecting the site include livestock production, agricultural production, and improper flow dynamics due to impervious surface runoff. Goals for the site include an increase to hydrological function and restoration to ecological function within the existing stream and riparian corridor and protecting these features in perpetuity. These goals have been accomplished by returning streams to stable conditions by constructing channels with appropriate dimensions and pattern. Riparian buffer improvements also were constructed to filter runoff from the agricultural fields and neighboring car lot, thereby reducing nutrient and sediment loads to the channel. Livestock exclusion fence was installed along the easement boundary. Benefits from these activities include improved water quality and terrestrial aquatic habitat. The site presents 5,897 linear feet of stream restoration and enhancement generating 2,876 Stream Mitigation Units along Little Poplar Creek and two unnamed tributaries and 268,834 SF of buffer enhancement credits. Construction was completed in 2019.

The goals of the bank are to enhance the vegetation of 267 acres of relic wet pine savanna and Carolina bay through prescribed burning, mechanical treatment, and chemical treatment as necessary, and to preserve 248 acres of fully functional Carolina bay and relic wet pine savanna. This site provides preferred conditions for many rare and endemic plant species occurring within the Southeastern United States.

The Walnut Shade Mitigation Bank is located in northern, middle Tennessee, approximately 57 miles northeast of Nashville in the eastern part of Macon County in the Town of Red Boiling Springs. This 321-acre property has historically been used for agricultural pasture, hay, and cropland and includes seven impoundments of 21,141 linear feet headwater perennial and intermittent streams. Current stream conditions show signs commonly exhibited by livestock access and extensive channelization including significant sections of eroding and sloughing banks, sparse riparian canopy, and excessive sedimentation resulting in embedded substrate. Consequently, current degraded stream reaches are potentially contributing to water quality issues such as nutrient overloading, turbidity, total suspended solids, and elevated water temperature.

RES is using natural channel design and construction techniques to restore channel hydrology, geomorphology, water quality, and aquatic and riparian habitat. Four miles of stream and riparian habitat restoration will generate 12,517 stream credits in the Barren Watershed north of Nashville. The service area will also include the Red and Lower Cumberland watersheds.

The 88-acre Best Slough Vernal Pool Preserve located in Yuba County consists of preserved and restored vernal pool and swales, and Swainson’s hawk foraging habitat.

The Preserve is owned by Yuba-Sutter Disposal, Inc. as a buffer for the Ostrom Road Landfill and was approved by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service as mitigation for the Three River Levee Improvements Authority’s Feather River, Bear River, and Western Pacific Interceptor Canal Levee Improvement Projects.

Available Mitigation

• Vernal pool fairy shrimp preservation
• Vernal pool tadpole shrimp preservation
• Swainson’s hawk

The approximately 631-acre Blackburn Vernal Pool Conservation Bank consists of preserved vernal pool, vernal swale, and upland habitats. The Bank supports 23.56-acres of vernal pools, 16.67-acres vernal swales, 4.48-acres of reservoir, 1.24-acres of ephemeral drainage, 7.25-acres of intermittent drainage, and 577.55-acres of annual grassland.

The Bank was approved by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and provides vernal pool preservation credits for unavoidable permitted impacts to vernal pool fairy shrimp within the Northwestern Sacramento Valley Vernal Pool Region as established by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. The service area covers portions of Tehama, Shasta, Glenn, Butte, and Colusa Counties.

The Conservation Bank is preserved by a permanent conservation easement and management and monitoring is funded in perpetuity by an endowment.

Available Credits

• Vernal pool fairy shrimp preservation

The 121-acre Buena Creek Conservation Bank located in San Diego County consists of Diegan coastal sage scrub and Diegan coastal sage/laurel sumac scrub habitat preserved for the coastal California gnatcatcher.

The Bank was approved by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service for impacts to coastal California gnatcatcher and coastal sage scrub. The Service Area encompasses northern San Diego County and portions of the North County Multiple Species Conservation Program Plan as depicted in the service area map.

Available Credit Types

• Coastal California gnatcatcher
• Coastal sage scrub

The 665-acre Daley Ranch Conservation Bank located in Butte County consists of natural vernal pools, vernal swales, clay flat wetlands, seasonal wetlands, and upland habitat. These habitats are maintained so that conditions benefit the continued existence and recovery efforts for the vernal pool fairy shrimp, vernal pool tadpole shrimp, and California linderiella.

The Bank was approved by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service providing vernal pool preservation credits within the Northeastern Sacramento Valley Vernal Pool Region established by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and the USFWS Vernal Pool Recovery Plan. The service area encompasses portions of Solano, Colusa, Glenn, Yolo counties.

Available Credit Types

• Vernal pool fairy shrimp preservation
• Vernal pool tadpole shrimp preservation

The 714-acre Deadman Creek Conservation Bank located in Merced County consists of wetlands (vernal pool and swale habitat), and 639.24 acres of upland habitat (annual grassland) for a total size of 683.9 acres.

The Bank was approved by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to provide California tiger salamander, San Joaquin kit fox, and vernal pool species preservation mitigation. The service area for California tiger salamander is the Central Valley California tiger salamander subpopulation, which spans San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Merced counties. The San Joaquin kit fox service area encompasses the eastern side of the San Joaquin Valley. The vernal pool service area is the San Joaquin Valley Vernal Pool Region.

Available Credit Types

• California tiger salamander
• San Joaquin kit fox
• Vernal pool fairy shrimp preservation
• Vernal pool tadpole shrimp preservation

The 252-acre Dolan Ranch Conservation Bank consists of preserved wetland and upland habitats in Colusa County. The Conservation Bank site supports a variety of habitats, including vernal pools, seasonal wetlands, emergent marsh and annual grassland.

The Bank was approved by the California Department of Fish & Wildlife and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to provide vernal pool species preservation, Swainson’s hawk, giant garter snake, and burrowing owl mitigation for impacts within Solano, Colusa, Glenn, and Yolo counties.

Available Credit Types

• Vernal pool fairy shrimp preservation
• Vernal pool tadpole shrimp preservation
• Swainson’s hawk
• Burrowing owl

Previously Available Credit Types

• Giant garter snake (sold out)

The 1,067-acre Great Valley Conservation Bank located in Merced County consists of grasslands and wetlands including approximately 117 acres of vernal pools and swales as well as an additional 950 acres of uplands.

The Bank was approved by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to provide mitigation for impacts to California tiger salamander within the Central Valley California tiger salamander subpopulation, San Joaquin kit fox within eastern side of the San Joaquin Valley historic distribution and known occupied habitat lands of the central and western areas of the San Joaquin Valley, and vernal pool preservation within the Southern Sierra Foothills Vernal Pool Region.

Available Credit Types

• California tiger salamander
• San Joaquin kit fox
• Vernal pool fairy shrimp preservation
• Vernal pool tadpole shrimp preservation

Pending Credit Types

• California tiger salamander uplands (CDFW approved)
• California tiger salamander aquatic (CDFW approved)

The 1,295-acre Kreyenhagen Conservation Bank located in Fresno County consists of annual grassland, juniper woodland, a seasonal/riparian drainage, and associated habitats.

The Bank was approved in 2005 by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to provide mitigation for unavoidable permitted impacts to the San Joaquin kit fox within Fresno, Kings, and Kern counties, as depicted in the Service Area map.

Available Credit Types

• San Joaquin kit fox

The 200-acre Laguna Terrace East Conservation Bank located in Sacramento County consists of vernal pools, vernal swales, vernal pool/swale complex, vernal marsh, seasonal wetland, vernal pool tailings, stock pond, and upland habitats within a larger 549.5-acre property.

The Bank was approved by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service for vernal pool preservation, vernal pool fairy shrimp, and Swainson’s hawk. Swainson’s hawk mitigation is available for CEQA permitted impacts within Sacramento County.

Available Credit Types

• Swainson’s hawk

Previously Available Credit Types

• Vernal pool fairy shrimp (sold out)

The 186-acre Liberty Island Conservation Bank located in the Yolo Bypass in Yolo County and consists of a mosaic of open water, riparian, marsh, and upland (including seasonally inundated grassland) habitat.

The Bank was approved by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish & Wildlife, and National Marine Fisheries Service to provide mitigation for authorized impacts to salmonids, longfin smelt, Delta smelt, riparian, and tule marsh. The service area for salmonids and Delta smelt includes the boundaries of the Delta, while the longfin smelt service area includes the Delta, Honker Bay, Suisun Bay, Grizzly Bay, San Pablo Bay, San Francisco Bay, the Napa River and any major tributaries as approved by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.

Available Credit Types

• Salmonid preservation
• Salmonid restoration
• Longfin smelt restoration
• Delta smelt preservation
• Delta smelt restoration
• Tule marsh shaded riverine aquatic

Previously Available Credit Types

• Riparian shaded riverine aquatic (sold out)

The 75-acre Locust Road Conservation Bank located in Placer County consists of  vernal pools and swales, seasonal wetlands, intermittent drainage, and annual grassland habitats.

The Bank was approved by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to offset impacts to seasonal wetlands, vernal pools, vernal pool fairy shrimp, and Swainson’s hawk. The service area for Waters of the U.S. includes the Lower American River HUC (18020111) and Auburn-Ravine Coon Creek (180201610). The vernal pool creation and vernal pool fairy shrimp service area follows the above referenced HUCs within the Southeastern Sacramento Vernal Pool Recovery Unit.

Available Credit Types

• Seasonal wetland re-establishment
• Vernal pool re-establishment
• Vernal pool fairy shrimp restoration

Previously Available Credit Types

• Swainson’s hawk (sold out)

The 811-acre North Delta Fish Conservation Bank is located in Yolo County consists of tidal marsh complex, including emergent marsh, seasonal wetland, riparian scrub shrub, and shallow open water habitats.

The bank was approved by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish & Wildlife, and National Marine Fisheries Service for projects requiring salmonid, Delta smelt, and longfin smelt mitigation. The service area for salmonids and Delta smelt includes the boundaries of the Delta, while the longfin smelt service area includes the Delta, Honker Bay, Suisun Bay, Grizzly Bay, San Pablo Bay, San Francisco Bay, the Napa River and any major tributaries as approved by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.

Pending Credit Types

• Salmonids
• Delta smelt
• Longfin smelt
• Riparian
• Green sturgeon

The 612-acre North Suisun Mitigation Bank located in Solano County consists of preserved and re-established vernal pools and swales, preserved and re-established California tiger salamander breeding and upland habitat, playa vernal pools, seasonal drainages, and annual grassland.

The Bank was approved by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for impacts to vernal pool habitats, and credits include vernal pool re-establishment, vernal pool fairy shrimp preservation, vernal pool tadpole shrimp preservation, California tiger salamander, and Contra Costa goldfields. The service area for vernal pool fairy shrimp, vernal pool tadpole shrimp, and Contra Costa goldfields is consistent with the Solano-Colusa vernal pool region. The California tiger salamander service area includes portions of Colusa, Yolo, Sutter, Sacramento, Solano, Contra Costa and San Joaquin Counties.

Available Credit Types

• California tiger salamander uplands
• California tiger salamander aquatic
• Vernal pool fairy shrimp preservation
• Vernal pool tadpole shrimp preservation
• Contra Cost goldfields

Previously Available Credit Types

• Vernal Pool re-establishment (sold out)

The 131-acre Rogue Valley mitigation and conservation bank, located in Jackson County, Oregon, was established to protect Agate Desert vernal pool complex habitat. The Bank serves as compensatory mitigation for habitat losses and conservation of the Federally threatened vernal pool fairy shrimp and the Federally endangered Cook’s lomatium and large-flowered wooly meadowfoam. The Bank is approved by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and Oregon Department of State Lands, in coordination with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, and Rogue Valley Council of Governments.

The Bank preserves special wetland resources and federally listed species habitat in the Agate Desert and supports a large intact expanse of vernal pools and swales in designated critical habitat for vernal pool fairy shrimp

Available Credit Types

• Wetlands preservation
• Vernal pool fairy shrimp
• Large-flowered wooly meadowfoam
• Cook’s lomatium

The 498-acre Sand Creek Conservation Bank located in Tulare County consists of  seasonal wetlands, vernal pool and vernal swale habitat, as well as upland annual grassland habitat.

The bank was approve by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service for impacts requiring vernal pool preservation, San Joaquin kit fox, and California tiger salamander mitigation. The California tiger salamander service area is based on the Southern San Joaquin California tiger salamander subpopulation. The San Joaquin kit fox service area includes the historic distribution within San Joaquin Valley east of Interstate 5 in portions of Fresno, Merced, Mariposa, Stanislaus, and Tulare counties.

Available Credit Types

• California tiger salamander
• San Joaquin kit fox

Previously Available Credit Types

• Vernal pool fairy shrimp (sold out)

Pending Credit Types

• California tiger salamander uplands (CDFW approved)
• California tiger salamander aquatic (CDFW approved)

The 210-acre Western Placer Schools Conservation Bank located in Placer County contains vernal pools and vernal swales, seasonal wetlands, and annual grassland habitats.

The Bank was approved by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service for unavoidable permitted impacts requiring Vernal pool preservation mitigation within Placer County.

Available Credit Types

• Vernal pool fairy shrimp preservation
• Vernal pool tadpole shrimp preservation
• Swainson’s hawk

Arrington Bridge Mitigation Bank Phase I & II sites were each granted a conservation easement, recorded around the restoration areas within the overall bank parcel. Located within the Neuse River Basin (below Falls Lake), stormwater runoff from the site was draining into an unnamed tributary of the Neuse River, classified as Class C and Nutrient Sensitive Waters. The bank’s purpose is to improve water quality within the Neuse River watershed by restoring hardwood forest in riparian areas and along other conveyances. RES’ restoration activities include nearly 11 acres of riparian buffer restoration and 47 acres of nutrient offset. Credits derived from the Arrington Bridge sites provided mitigation for unavoidable impacts resulting from development activities.

The goal of this 315.96-acre nutrient bank located in Campbell County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Roanoke River watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site primarily consists of a mix of active agriculture and undeveloped forest. This site is within the twelve-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) 030101011505 within the Roanoke River Basin. Specifically, the Roanoke River is the principle drainage for eight-digit HUC 03010101.

Credits available

• Stream
• Riparian wetland
• Nutrient
• Buffer

The goal of this 379.95 acre nutrient bank located in Southampton County, Virginia is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Chowan River watershed via tributaries located within and/or in close proximity to the Bank through the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient Credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance, including the DEQ Guidance. This site lies within twelve-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) 030102011103 which drains into the Nottoway River. Specifically, the Project drains to Assamoosick Swamp, eventually finding its way to the Nottoway River, the principle drainage for eight-digit HUC 03010201.

The Dogtown Mitigation Bank Site presents an opportunity to restore, enhance, and preserve 11,026 linear feet of stream and riparian corridor, generating a base amount of 7,786 Stream Mitigation Units (SMUs). The site will provide numerous ecological and water quality benefits within the Catawba River Basin. These benefits are not limited to the project area but have more far-reaching effects throughout the Catawba River Basin.
The site will provide improvements to water quality, hydrologic function, and habitat.

As stated in the North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (DMS) Catawba River Basin Restoration Priorities (RBRP) report (amended 2013), the following restoration and protection goals are listed for the watershed:

1. Protection of drinking water supplies, including the reservoirs of Mountain Island Lake, Lake
   Norman, and Lake Rhodhiss;
2. Restoring impaired biology on creeks impacted by stormwater runoff; and
3. Protecting important species and significant natural and cultural resources in Lyle Creek.

This bank is designed to help meet goals one and two. The project will address stressors identified in the watershed through nutrient removal, sediment removal, runoff filtration, and improved aquatic and
terrestrial habitat.

Additionally, the Dogtown Project presents the opportunity to develop 606,141.24 riparian buffer mitigation credits by establishing or preserving a native forested and herbaceous riparian buffer plant community with a minimum width of 50 feet and a maximum of 200 feet from the top of the bank of the mitigated channels.

The goal of this 190.95-acre Nutrient Bank located in Buckingham County, Virginia is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Chesapeake Bay watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate nonpoint nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance, including the DEQ Guidance. This bank consists mostly of fallow pastureland with areas of forest. This bank site is located within the twelve-digit hydrologic unit codes (HUC) 020802031304 (Walton Fork-Ripley Creek) and eight-digit HUC 02080203 (Middle James-Buffalo).

The goal of this 673.87-acre nutrient bank located in Fauquier County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Chesapeake Bay watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site currently consists of agricultural land in hay production with the remainder comprised of either non-agricultural forested land, wooded buffer and/or right-of-way for an active homesite. Conversion activities began in 2016.

The goal of this 43.7 acre nutrient bank located in Clarke County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Potomac Watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site primarily consists of row crop and pasture land. The land use conversion will generate 367.57 pounds of nitrogen reduction and 30.05 pounds of phosphorus reduction.

Located on 88-acres within the Lower Falls Lake watershed in the Neuse River Basin, stormwater runoff from this site drained into unnamed tributaries of Smith Creek, classified as Class C and Nutrient Sensitive Waters. RES provided mitigation for unavoidable impacts from nearby development to improve and protect water quality within the Neuse River Basin. A nearly 27-acre conservation easement was placed on the site, permanently protecting the mitigation components of the site. Within the easement, RES worked to restore and enhance existing riparian areas to generate both Neuse buffer and nutrient offset (nitrogen and phosphorus) credits. A riparian buffer restoration area of 7.5 acres was used to establish 326,700 SF of Neuse buffer credits. The remaining acres of riparian restoration area on the site provide nutrient offset credits for nitrogen and phosphorus within the Lower Falls Lake watershed.

The goal of this 50.59 acre nutrient bank located in Smyth County, Virginia is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Chesapeake Bay watershed through the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance, including the DEQ Guidance. This bank consists primarily of pasture with areas of forest along the northern and western boundaries. This bank site is located within the twelve-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) 060101020305 (Middle Fork Holston River-Walker Creek) and eight digit HUC 06010102 (South Fork Holston).

The Hannah Bridge site is located across six parcels totaling 83 acres, four miles south of Four Oaks in Johnston County, NC. Several unnamed tributaries traverse the site and exhibit diminished habitat value as a result of past and on-going agricultural activities and ditching. The site was identified by RES as having potential to help meet the compensatory mitigation requirements for stream impacts in HUC 03020201 of the Upper Neuse River Basin. The Hannah Bridge Site may also be utilized to provide riparian buffer mitigation units through the NC Division of Water Resources.

Specific project goals address stressors identified in the watershed, and include the following: nutrient removal, sediment reduction, runoff filtration, invasive species treatment, and improved aquatic and terrestrial habitat. The project goals will be addressed through the following project objectives: exclusion of livestock from stream channels and riparian areas, control of exotic invasive species, addition of large woody debris to stream channels, enhancement of hydrology in existing riparian wetlands, and restoration of historic flow patterns in valleys.

The Hannah Bridge Site includes approximately 8,524 linear feet of stream restoration and enhancement generating 7,046 Stream Mitigation Units (SMU) and 16.7 acres of wetland restoration and enhancement generating 7.26 Wetland Mitigation Units (WMU).

Located on 88-acres within the Upper Falls Lake watershed in the Neuse River Basin, stormwater runoff from this site drained into South Flat River and two of its unnamed tributaries, classified as Class C and Nutrient Sensitive Waters. RES provided mitigation for unavoidable impacts development to improve and protect water quality within the Neuse River Basin. A 20-acre conservation easement was placed on the site, permanently protecting the mitigation components of the site. Within the easement, RES worked to restore and enhance existing riparian areas to generate both Neuse buffer and nutrient offset (nitrogen and phosphorus) credits for impacts in the Upper Falls Lake watershed. Due to years of agricultural land use and selective timbering, natural forested areas were limited within most of the site. RES restored the riparian buffer producing 7.94 acres of buffer credits, with riparian buffer enhancement including 1.75 acres; generating 0.58 acres of buffer credits. As a result, our work produced a total of 8.52 acres of buffer credits on the Site. The remaining acres of riparian restoration area provided 16,775 pounds of nitrogen offset and phosphorus offset credits.

This 32.53 +/- acre nutrient bank’s, located in Halifax County, goal is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Roanoke River watershed via tributaries located within and/or in close proximity to the Bank through the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate certified non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance, including the DEQ Guidance.

The goal of this 1,160-acre nutrient bank site located in Clarke County is the conversion of active agricultural land (row crops, hay, and pasture) located within the property limits into a less intensive land use condition; reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Chesapeake Bay via tributaries located within the Property through the conversion of active agricultural land; improve the water quality, in-stream habitat, bank stability and riparian vegetation conditions of the stream reaches located within the property as well as downstream reaches; generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local programs, regulations and guidance; and the development of wildlife corridors to increase habitat connectivity between existing forested tracts. This site is located within Virginia HUC 02070007.

The Ivey Ferguson site is located within the Upper New Hope Arm of the B. Everett Jordan Lake watershed in Orange County. Stormwater run-off from this site drained into an unnamed tributary of Phils Creek which in turn emptied into University Lake approximately 3.4 miles downstream. Through about 12-acres of a re-forested buffer area, this bank site produced water quality improvements within the watershed. RES planted trees to provide run-off filtration and nutrient uptake along 2,700 linear feet of channel. Due to its location within the sub-watershed, the Ivey Ferguson Bank Parcel has a 40% delivery factor for nitrogen removal and a 19% delivery factor for phosphorus removal.

The goal of this 60.29 acre Nutrient Bank located in Wise County, Virginia is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into local watersheds. It is located within the twelve-digit hydrologic unit codes (HUC) 050702020503 (Pound River-John W Flannagan Reservoir-Cane Creek) and eight-digit HUC 05070202.

The goal of this 32.41 acres nutrient bank located in Scott County, Virginia is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Chesapeake Bay watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance, including the DEQ Guidance. It is located within the twelve-digit hydrologic unit codes (HUC) 060102050701 (Copper Creek-Grassy Creek) and eight digit HUC 06010205 (Upper Clinch).

The Maple View Bank Site is located within the Upper New Hope Arm of the B. Everett Jordan Lake watershed. This section of Morgan Creek and two unnamed tributaries traversed the site and exhibited diminished habitat value as a result of past and ongoing agricultural activities and impervious watershed conditions. This bank site provides water quality improvements within the watershed through approximately 7.63 acres of re-forested buffer area. RES planted trees, providing run-off filtration and nutrient uptake along 2,000 linear feet of channel. Due to its location within the sub-watershed, the Maple View bank parcel has an 89% delivery factor for nitrogen removal and a 71% delivery factor for phosphorus removal.

The Marston riparian wetland mitigation site is located in Jones County, approximately twelve miles west of Trenton, North Carolina. Ditches on the site were used to promote drainage when the land was under agricultural production. This project restored the main channel, a smaller tributary, and approximately 37 acres of on-site wetlands for the purpose of wetland and stream mitigation. In addition, the site provides riparian buffer restoration and nutrient offset credits. The Marston project restored a “Coastal Plain small stream swamp” and associated buffer area.

The Meadow Spring mitigation site is located three miles north of Smithfield and contains three parcels totaling 246-acres in Johnston County. The Site involved the restoration and enhancement of streams and wetland along an unnamed tributary to the Neuse River. The site is located within the Neuse River Basin, below Falls Lake, USGS HUC 03020201 and in the Meadow Spring Creek Watershed, a Targeted Local Watershed (TLW). RES’ efforts resulted in significant ecological improvements including water quality improvement, habitat restoration, and a decrease in non-point source pollution from stormwater and agricultural practices. Our design addressed degraded water quality and nutrient input from farming, items previously identified as major watershed stressors in the 2010 Neuse RBRP. These issues were combated with the restoration of riparian buffers to filter runoff from agricultural operations and improve terrestrial habitat, and through the construction of in-stream structures to improve habitat diversity. In addition to the stream restoration, the site provides nutrient offset mitigation and riparian buffer mitigation through the NC Division of Water Resources (DWR) Neuse Riparian Buffer Mitigation program. The buffer and nutrient offset mitigation were developed through a separate banking instrument.

The goal of this 28.0 acre Nutrient Bank located in Northampton County, Virginia is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate nonpoint nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site primarily consists of crop production.

The goal of this 35.54 acre nutrient bank located in Northumberland County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Potomac River Watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site primarily consists of hay field. The land use conversion will generate 164.91 pounds of nitrogen reduction and 24.17 pounds of phosphorus reduction.

The Nahunta Swamp riparian mitigation site is located in Wayne County, North Carolina approximately eight miles northeast of Goldsboro. All project properties are located adjacent to Nahunta Swamp. The entire project site is approximately 249 acres in size, with approximately 126 acres of prior-converted cropland. The Nahunta project restored “Coastal Plain small stream swamp,” and “non-riverine hardwood forest” communities. Stream and wetland restoration involved raising the bottom elevation and re-establishing a normal pattern on six of the tributaries draining into Nahunta Swamp. These measures raised the local water table and restored wetland and stream hydrology on the mitigation site. Riparian buffer restoration included restoring a hardwood forest community. The entire mitigation area is protected with a permanent conservation easement. The mitigation practices have resulted in approximately 33.5 acres of riparian buffer restoration and 164,158 pounds of nitrogen offset credit.

The goal of this 110.14-acre nutrient bank located in Fauquier County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Chesapeake Bay watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site currently consists of agricultural land in active crop production with the remainder comprised of non-agricultural forested land and/or wooded buffer. Conversion activities began in 2015.

The goal of this 216.04 acre nutrient bank located in Suffolk County, Virginia is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into watersheds via tributaries located within and/or in close proximity to the Bank through the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate certified non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance, including the DEQ Guidance.

The Polecat mitigation site is located within a watershed dominated by agricultural land use in Johnston County, North Carolina, approximately two miles southeast of Smithfield. The project streams have been significantly impacted by livestock access, row crop production, and nearby urbanization. The project will involve the restoration and protection of streams in the Neuse River watershed on approximately 53 acres of conservation easement. The purpose of this mitigation site is to restore and enhance a stream complex located within the Neuse River Basin. The site supports many of the Neuse River Basin Restoration Priorities Pan (RBRP) and Neuse Regional Watershed Plan (RWP) goals. The project’s watershed is primarily rural with Interstate 95 occupying the western portion of the watershed. The project parcels have been in agricultural use for several decades.

The site includes streams that directly discharge into the Neuse River. Many of the project design goals and objectives, including restoration of riparian buffers to filter runoff from agricultural operations and improve terrestrial habitat, and construction of in-stream structures to improve habitat diversity, will address the degraded water quality and nutrient input from farming that were identified as major watershed stressors in the 2010 Neuse RBRP. Water quality stressors affecting the site include livestock access, row crop production, and impervious surface. The project presents 8,178 linear feet of stream restoration and enhancement generating 6,567 Stream Mitigation Units (SMU).

The Poplar Creek project is located in Johnston County, approximately three miles north of Smithfield within the Neuse River Basin HUC 03020201. Water quality stressors affecting the project area included livestock production, agricultural production, closed drainage system, and an impoundment. Goals for the project include an increase to hydrologic function and restoration to ecological function within the existing stream and riparian corridor, and the protection of these features in perpetuity. These were accomplished by removing an agricultural impoundment, planting the riparian buffer, excluding livestock from the conservation easement through fencing, and returning the existing streams to stable conditions by constructing a stream channel with appropriate dimensions and pattern and reconnecting the channel to the floodplain. The project presents 4,273 linear feet of stream restoration and enhancement, generating 3,926 Stream Mitigation Units along three unnamed tributaries that drain into Poplar Creek. The Poplar Creek project also generates approximately 93,766 SF of riparian buffer restoration credits, 76,454. SF of riparian buffer enhancement credits via cattle exclusion, 8,220.5 SF of riparian buffer preservation credits, and 1,454.73 lbs of nitrogen credits. Construction was completed in 2019

The goal of this 147.08-acre nutrient bank located in Campbell County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Roanoke River watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site primarily consists of agricultural land in hay production and pasture. This site is within the twelve-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) 030101021505 within the Roanoke River Basin. Specifically, the Roanoke River is the principle drainage for eight-digit HUC 03010102.

The goal of this 28.0 acre nutrient bank located in Accomack County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Eastern Shore Watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate nonpoint nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site primarily consists of crop production. The land use conversion will generate 576.29 pounds of nitrogen reduction and 54.57 pounds of phosphorus reduction.

The goal of this 50.10 acre nutrient bank located in Gloucester County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the York Watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site primarily consists of crop production. The land use conversion will generate 447.13 pounds of nitrogen reduction and 42.92 pounds of phosphorus reduction.

The goal of this 23.29 acre nutrient bank located in Wythe County, Virginia is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Roanoke River watershed via tributaries located within and/or in close proximity to the Bank through the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate certified non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance, including the DEQ Guidance.

The goal of this 438.56-acre nutrient bank located in Halifax County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Chesapeake Bay watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site primarily consists of: approximately 146.33 +/- acres of agricultural land in hay production and 26.27 +/- acres of row crop with the remainder in forest or other non-agricultural use. This site is within the twelve-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) 030101040304. Specifically, the site drains to the Dan River, the Dan River is the principle drainage for eight-digit HUC 03010104.

The Selma Mill riparian buffer and nutrient bank’s service area is Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 03020201 of the Neuse River watershed, below Falls Lake. Before restoration, agricultural impacts were prevalent, including nonpoint source runoff and hydrologic modification. Priority projects for this watershed included projects that promoted nutrient and sediment reduction, as well as focusing restoration on achieving the most functional improvement to the ecosystem possible. A secondary priority concentrated on developing projects that reestablish riparian buffers and corridors of substantial width to improve connectivity to larger intact conservation areas. The Selma Mill Buffer and Nutrient Offset Site is located in southeast Johnston County, NC, immediately north of Selma. The site easement includes three unnamed tributaries and stormwater runoff from adjacent pastures that flow directly to Mill Creek. A majority of the site was previously used for livestock grazing, pasture, and row-crop production. Restoration of the riparian buffer resulted in immediate water quality benefits within the vicinity of the site through the removal of livestock access to site streams. The riparian restoration activities on the site also resulted in improved water quality to the downstream watershed.

The goal of this 103.22-acre nutrient bank located in Floyd County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the New River watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance, including the DEQ Guidance. This bank consists mostly of fallow pastureland with areas of forest. This bank site is within twelve-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) 050500011703. The New River is the principle drainage for eight-digit HUC 05050001.

The goal of this 949-acre nutrient bank located in Warren and Clarke Counties is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Chesapeake Bay watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site currently consists of agricultural land in hay production with the remainder in forest or other non-agricultural use. This site sits within the twelve-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) 020700070103. Specifically, the Project drains to both Wolfe Marsh Run and Borden Marsh Run, both of which then run directly into the Shenandoah River, the principle drainage for eight-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) 02070007.

The Stone Creek mitigation site is located approximately 14 miles southeast of Smithfield and contains three parcels totaling 161-acres in Johnston County, NC. The site involves the restoration and enhancement of unnamed tributaries to Mill Creek. The site was identified by RES as having potential to help meet the compensatory mitigation requirements for stream impacts in hydrologic unit 03020201 of the Neuse River Basin.

This proposed site will result in significant ecological improvements including water quality improvement, habitat restoration and a decrease in non-point source pollution from stormwater and agricultural practices. The site is located in the Mill Creek Watershed, a Targeted Local Watershed (TLW)  and supports many of the Neuse River Basin Restoration Priorities Plan (RBRP) and Neuse Regional Watershed Plan (RWP) goals.

Many of the project design goals and objectives, including restoration of riparian buffers to filter runoff from agricultural operations and improve terrestrial habitat, and construction of in-stream structures to improve habitat diversity, will address the degraded water quality and nutrient input from farming that were identified as major watershed stressors in the 2010 Neuse RBRP.

The conceptual design presents 5,886 linear feet of stream mitigation generating 4,547 Stream Mitigation Units (SMU). In addition to the stream restoration, the site could potentially provide nutrient offset mitigation and riparian buffer mitigation through the NC Division of Water Resources (DWR) Neuse Riparian Buffer Mitigation program. The buffer and nutrient offset mitigation will be developed through a separate banking instrument.

The goal of this 397.51-acre Nutrient Bank located in Northumberland County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the Potomac River watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site primarily consists of agricultural land in row crop production and fallow land that was deforested around 2012. This site is within eight-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) 02070011, and twelve-digit HUC 020700110804.

The goal of this 31.89 acre nutrient bank located in Henrico County is to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) and sediment loading into the James Watershed via the conversion of active agricultural land into forest; and generate non-point nutrient credits for transfer under existing and future federal, state and local law, programs, regulations and guidance. The site primarily consists of cropland, hayfield, and pasture. The land use conversion will generate 389.96 pounds of nitrogen reduction and 60.57 pounds of phosphorus reduction.

The Uzzle Stream Mitigation site is located in Johnston County, approximately six miles southeast of Clayton in the Neuse River Basin within the HUC 03020201. Water quality stressors affecting the site include livestock production, agricultural production, and improper flow dynamics due to impervious surface runoff. Goals for the site include an increase to hydrological function and restoration to ecological function within the existing stream and riparian corridor and protecting these features in perpetuity. These goals have been accomplished by returning streams to stable conditions by constructing channels with appropriate dimensions and pattern. Riparian buffer improvements also were constructed to filter runoff from the agricultural fields and neighboring car lot, thereby reducing nutrient and sediment loads to the channel. Livestock exclusion fence was installed along the easement boundary. Benefits from these activities include improved water quality and terrestrial aquatic habitat. The site presents 5,897 linear feet of stream restoration and enhancement generating 2,876 Stream Mitigation Units along Little Poplar Creek and two unnamed tributaries and 268,834 SF of buffer enhancement credits. Construction was completed in 2019.

York Nutrient Bank is an 86.3-acre property located in New Kent County. The land conversion area within the bank encompasses 44.79+/- acres. During the 2005 baseline date, the property was cultivated for hay and utilized as pasture. It was planted with various hardwood species in the winter of 2015.